Thin ice

In many regions it is rare, but on trips north or during hard freezes on local ponds it is worth knowing. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MN DNR) recommends staying off new, clear ice less than 4 inches (10 cm) thick; white or snow-covered ice holds about half as much, so it needs twice the thickness. No ice is 100% safe.

1. Do not take off your winter clothing: the trapped air helps you float and keeps you warm.
2. Turn toward where you came from: that ice held you.
3. Put your arms and hands on the firm ice. Nails, screwdrivers, or ice picks help you grip.
4. Kick hard and pull yourself forward onto the ice, dragging yourself; if your clothes are heavy with water, rest on your elbows to let it drain.
5. Once out, lie down and roll away from the hole to spread your weight.
6. Get warmth and shelter immediately and medical attention if there is hypothermia (chapter 14).

If someone falls in: do not run toward the hole. Call 911, reach out a branch, rope, or ladder from the shore or lying flat on the ice, and pull.